Italian

a

(Italian) for, at, in, etc.

a cappella

(Italian) for choral music without accompaniment

a capriccio

(Italian) in a humorous manner

accelerando (accel.)

(Italian) gradually getting faster

ad libitum

(Italian) as the performer wishes

affettuoso

(Italian) affectionate, with tender warmth

agitato

(Italian) agitated, excited

alla

(Italian) in the style of

alla breve

(Italian) the half note (minim) rather than the quarter note (crotchet) takes the beat

allargando

(Italian) growing broader

amabile

(Italian) sweet, amiable, lovable

amoroso

(Italian) loving

ancora

(Italian) again

animato

(Italian) with spirit

a piacere

(Italian) at the performer's discretion

appassionato

(Italian) impassioned

arioso

(Italian) a short solo in the style of an air

arpeggio

(Italian) the notes of a chord are played in succession rather than simultaneously

assai

(Italian) very

ben, bene

(Italian) well

brillante

(Italian) with brilliance or vivacity

cadenza

(Italian) a passage for solo instrument in free, improvisatory style

calando

(Italian) diminishing in dynamic and speed

cambiare

(Italian) to change

cantabile

(Italian) in a singing style

chiuso

(Italian) stopped, in horn playing

col, colla

(Italian) with the

come

(Italian) like, as

comodo

(Italian) comfortable, easy

con

(Italian) with

con brio

(Italian) with brilliance or vivacity

con dolore

(Italian) with sorrow

con forza

(Italian) with force or strength

con fuoco

(Italian) with fire

con giusto

(Italian) with taste, fitting mood and tempo

con passione

(Italian) with passion

con spirito

(Italian) with spirit

coro

(Italian) chorus

crescendo

(Italian) gradually get louder

dal

(Italian) from the

decrescendo

(Italian) gradually get softer

decisivo

(Italian) with decision

delicato

(Italian) delicately

diminuendo

(Italian) gradually get softer

dolce

(Italian) sweetly

dolente

(Italian) doleful, sorrowful

doppio movimento

(Italian) double the preceeding speed

e, ed

(Italian) and

e poi

(Italian) and then

espressivo

(Italian) expressive

facilmente

(Italian) easily, without strain

feroce

(Italian) ferocious

fine

(Italian) end, close

furioso

(Italian) furiously

giocoso

(Italian) gay, playful

grandioso

(Italian) grandly

grazioso

(Italian) graceful

il, la

(Italian) the

impetuoso

(Italian) in an energetic manner

lacrimoso

(Italian) tearfully

lamentoso

(Italian) in a mournful style

largamente

(Italian) in a dignified manner

legato

(Italian) smoothly

leggiero

(Italian) light and graceful

lusingando

(Italian) alluring, flattering

ma

(Italian) but

maestoso

(Italian) majestically

mancando

(Italian) dying away

marcato

(Italian) emphasized

martellato

(Italian) hammered stroke played with very short bows at the point

marziale

(Italian) march-like

meno

(Italian) less

meno mosso

(Italian) less movement, slower

mesto

(Italian) mournful, sad

mezzo

(Italian) half

misterioso

(Italian) mysteriously

molto

(Italian) much, very

morendo

(Italian) dying away and becoming slower

nobilmente

(Italian) nobly

non

(Italian) not

ossia

(Italian) or

parlando

(Italian) singing in speaking style

parlante

(Italian) singing in speaking style

pateticamente

(Italian) pathetically

perdendosi

(Italian) dying away and becoming slower

pesante

(Italian) heavy, weighting

piacevole

(Italian) agreeable

piangevole

(Italian) plaintively

piu

(Italian) more

pizzicato

(Italian) pluck the string with the finger

placidamente

(Italian) peacefully

pochetto

(Italian) very little

poco

(Italian) little, a little

poco a poco

(Italian) little by little

poi

(Italian) then

pomposo

(Italian) pompous

quasi

(Italian) almost

rallentando (rall.)

(Italian) gradually getting slower

religioso

(Italian) with devotion

replica

(Italian) repeat

risoluto

(Italian) resolutely

ritardando (rit.)

(Italian) gradually getting slower

ritenuto (riten.)

(Italian) suddenly slower, held back

ritmico

(Italian) rhythmical

rubato

(Italian) robbed time, speeding up and slowing down

scherzando

(Italian) playfully

secco

(Italian) dry, short

sempre

(Italian) always

semplice

(Italian) simple

senza

(Italian) without

serioso

(Italian) serious

simili

(Italian) the same

sino al

(Italian) up to the..

slargando

(Italian) broadening

slentando

(Italian) getting slower

smorzando

(Italian) smother dynamic to nothing

soave

(Italian) suave, gentle

solennemente

(Italian) solemnly

sonore

(Italian) sound with full tone

sordino

(Italian) mute

sostenuto

(Italian) sustained

sotto voce

(Italian) with a barely audible sound

spiccato

(Italian) with a light bouncing motion of the bow

spiritoso

(Italian) lively, with spirit

staccato

(Italian) detached, short

stentando

(Italian) delaying, retarding

strepitoso

(Italian) noisy

stringendo

(Italian) quickening

subito

(Italian) suddenly

sul

(Italian) on the..

suono

(Italian) sound, tone

tanto

(Italian) so much

tempo primo

(Italian) return to original time

tempo rubato

(Italian) robbed time

teneramente

(Italian) tenderly

tenuto

(Italian) held, sustained

tessitura

(Italian) average range of a vocal part

tosto

(Italian) rather

tranquillo

(Italian) tranquil, quiet, calm

tremolo

(Italian) a quick reiteration of the same tone on a string instrument

troppo

(Italian) too much

tutti

(Italian) all

un poco

(Italian) a little

vibrato

(Italian) slight change of pitch on same note

vigoroso

(Italian) vigorous, strong

vivo

(Italian) lively

German

aber

(German) but

ausdrucksvoll

(German) with expression

beruhigen

(German) to calm, to quiet

bewegt

(German) agitated

bewegter

(German) more agitated

daher

(German) from there

dämpfer

(German) mute

drängend

(German) pressing on

einleiten

(German) to lead into

erschütterung

(German) a violent shaking, deep emotion

etwas

(German) somewhat, rather

flüchtig

(German) fleeting, transient

frei

(German) free

ganz

(German) entirely, altogether

gebrochen

(German) broken

gedehnt

(German) held back

gemächlich

(German) comfortable

geschlagen

(German) struck

gesprochen

(German) spoken

gesteigert

(German) intensified

gestopft

(German) stopped note by placing the hand in the bell of the horn

gewöhnlich

(German) usual, customary

gleichmässig

(German) equal, symmetrical

halbe

(German) half

halt

(German) stop, hold

hauptstimme

(German) most important voice in the phrase

hauptzeitmass

(German) original tempo

heftiger

(German) more passionate, violent

hervortretend

(German) prominently

hörbar

(German) audible

immer

(German) always

klangvoll

(German) sonorous, full-sounding

klingen lassen

(German) allow to sound

kräftig

(German) strong, forceful

kurz

(German) short

lebhaft

(German) lively

leidenschaftlich

(German) passionate

mit

(German) with

nebenstimme

(German) the second most important voice in the phrase

nehmen

(German) to take

neue

(German) new

nicht

(German) not

noch

(German) still, yet

ohne

(German) without

plötzlich

(German) suddenly

ruhig

(German) calm

schleppend

(German) dragging

schon

(German) already

schwerer

(German) heavier, more difficult

schwermütig

(German) dejected, sad

sehr

(German) very

sprechstimme

(German) speaking voice

trauernd

(German) mournfully

übertönend

(German) drowning out

unterbrechung

(German) interruption, suspension

verhalten

(German) restrained, held back

verklingen lassen

(German) let die away

verzweiflungsvoll

(German) full of despair

vorwärts

(German) forward, onward

weg

(German) away, beyond

wieder

(German) again

wie oben

(German) as above, as before

zart

(German) tenderly, delicately

ziemlich

(German) suitable, fitting

zurückhaltend

(German) slowing in speed

zurückkehrend zum

(German) return to..

French

bien

(French) very, well

come

(French) like

détaché

(French) detached

doux

(French) soft, light

echoton

(French) with an echo

éclatant

(French) sparkling, brilliant

encore

(French) again

en dehors

(French) outside, emphasized

en fusée

(French) dissolving in

et

(French) and

fois

(French) times, as in number of

laissez vibrer

(French) let vibrate

lié

(French) tied

main

(French) hand (droite right; gauche left)

marqué

(French) marked, with emphasis

pause

(French) pause, rest

peu

(French) little

plus

(French) more

sans

(French) without

seulement

(French) only

sombre

(French) somber, dark

son

(French) sound

sourdine

(French) mute

soutenu

(French) held, sustained

sur

(French) over, on

très

(French) very

tristement

(French) sadly

unison (unis.)

(French) same pitches played by several instruments